will be made if a hypothesis is true D. all of the above. D. Flying on an airplane with a one-way ticket from Los Angeles to New York City and not returning, C. Driving to and from work every day but needing to travel via different streets to avoid traffic. differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. Which of the following outlines the steps in the traditional deductive model? 7. In practice, scientific inquiry involves primarily one or the other approach. It must be possible to prove that the hypothesis is true. Which of the following measurements is probably the least valuable in such an experiment? It contains more complex A) laws explain observations and theories describe observations.B) laws describe observations and theories explain observations.C) theories eventually become laws.D) no difference exists. This type of research method might be used to investigate a hypothesis that is difficult to test experimentally. It also must be justifiable that is consistent with an existing body of research findings. b. One of the basic principles of any type of scientific research is that the results must be replicable. By clearly detailing the specifics of how the variables were measured and manipulated, other researchers can better understand the results and repeat the study if needed. D. Give the control group a placebo (a pill that does not affect colds). Theory must be proven beyond a shadow of doubtB. What type of cell is shown in the picture. The villagers of Minamata, the village in which the company was located, refused to become involved in lawsuits with the chemical company for many years. D. There was too much bias on the part of the scientists conducting the research. Which of the following statements about paradigms is FALSE? Ethnomethodology argues that there is no objective reality in life. This is known as the null hypothesis. answer choices Roses are more beautiful than violets. They provide a paradigm for future research. All our experiences are inescapably subjective. Write a function that sums all the numbers Experimentation to answer a scientific question leads to more questions T or F, A hypothesis is much more general than a scientific theory, All scientific study begins with observations and the formation of testable __________, Any department of systematic knowledge; study of various collections of data or phenomenon, Simple observations are made using the five senses, notes are taken, current problem is stated and research previous-data are studied, An educated guess developed based on observations, always a statement never a question, statement must be able to be tested, Tests hypothesis which leads to further observations and gathering of new data, experimental design includes writing down the procedure (steps) to be used, design should include: tests groups-able to change (the variables) and control groups-never change (the constants), Results are analyzed (data are interpreted), experiments never prove anything they will simply support or not support (reject) the hypothesis initially stated (this will be based on experimental results and the data analysis), Proposed general explanation for a natural phenomenon These methods are best used to describe different aspects of a behavior or psychological phenomenon. testable? b. analyze data. Unlike correlational studies, which can only be used to determine if there is a relationship between two variables, experimental methods can be used to determine the actual nature of the relationshipwhether changes in one variable actuallycauseanother to change. What is the effect of economic conditions on the crime rate? preference. e. In a ____________________ experiment, neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives the treatment and who does not. -In order to determine what type of fertilizer works best for growing flowers on his balcony, Joe plants flowers in three pots with three different types of fertilizes and measures their growth over time. 6. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. e. proposition. The type of test that changes only one variable at a time in order to isolate the results is known as a ______________ experiment. This is known as the null hypothesis. https://www.thoughtco.com/testable-hypothesis-explanation-and-examples-609100 (accessed May 1, 2023). conduct a literature review. c. It really doesn't matter how many variables there are. Ahypothesisis a tentative statement about the relationship between two or morevariables. There will be no changes in the dependent variable due to the manipulation of the independent variable. A. Privacy policy, Educators discuss how they use Understanding Science in their teaching, We use cookies to see how our website is performing. -Almond trees produce larger almonds if they are watered daily and fertilizer is used. of the major diagonal in an nnn * nnn matrix of integers using the following header: The major diagonal is the diagonal that runs from the top left corner to the bottom A. Yoel should compare the diet of green anole lizards from islands where no brown anole lizards live to the diet of brown anole lizards from islands where green and brown anole lizards live. a trend or fact, that indicates the state or level of something, differentiates between items or subjects based only on their names or (meta-)categories and other qualitative classifications they belong to, allows for rank order (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) ANS: T e. neuroticism. It generates testable hypotheses, is supported by a large body of evidence, and is broad in scope. b. Can always be modified The Minamata disease, a disease which produced severe nervous disorders and birth defects, was traced to the fact that the Chisso Chemical Company dumped mercury into a bay where Japanese villagers fished. Yoel collected data on the size of green anole toe pads. It's important, however, to note that while it's possible to say that the hypothesis is correct, much more research would be required to answer the question "why is this hypothesis correct?". conflict paradigm D. 1. So, optionb is incorrect. c. Is conflict inevitable between political parties? is a factor that changes during an experiment. b. c. Durkheim A. Which of the following is a testable hypothesis? Psychology: Concepts and Applications. 3.Strawberry ice cream is delicious. d. Which of the following is the best definition for the term hypothesis? Climbing to the top of a mountain clarifying the meaning of the concept. d. In many cases, researchers might draw a hypothesis from a specific theory or build on previous research. ", "Younger people who are regularly exposed to green, outdoor areas have better subjective well-being than older adults who have limited exposure to green spaces. A hypothesis is based on the researchers review of the scientific literature on the topic. According to the traditional model of science, scientists begin with: paradigm What Are the Elements of a Good Hypothesis? b. Scientists use a general process known as________ to ask and answer questions about nature. c. Once you have completed a literature review, start thinking about potential questions you still have. hypothesis testing d. biology You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Men are more likely to create hang juries (juries that cannot arrive at a verdict) than are women. Remember, a hypothesis does not have to be correct. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Once a researcher has formed a testable hypothesis, the next step is to select a research design and start collecting data. When conducting an experiment, researchers might explore a number of factors to determine which ones might contribute to the ultimate outcome. E. It must demonstrate the effect of one variable by testing control groups and experimental groups. A. they store genetic information in DNA molecules c. ________ is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. d. c. b. Marx structural functional paradigm. Is the following hypothesis about ice cream scientifically How do they have The first step in conducting research is to: precise definitions are more important in what type of study. feminist paradigms. How do identical twins symbolic interactionism Using a type of logic known as __________________ , a generalized conclusion can often be drawn from a large number of specific observations. A _____________________ is a group in which no response is expected. A testable hypothesis must be a relational statement between two or more variable. d. a. ANS: F Professor Middler has probably adopted a(n) _______ approach to the study of crime. a. a. b. selecting indicators to measure the concept. Which flavor of ice cream has more Calories? created a marker for Using cake flour makes the cookies soft, which you prefer. b. To test this hypothesis, you restate it as: H 0: Men are, on average, not taller than women. Understanding Simple vs Controlled Experiments, What 'Fail to Reject' Means in a Hypothesis Test. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. c. hypothesis. Theoretical perspectives can impact the ethics of conducting research. Which of the following is a testable hypothesis? D. It is only accepted after the person who came up with it has died. he process of specifying observations and measurements that give concepts definite meaning for the purposes of a research study; it includes specifying the indicators of a concept and describing its dimensions. She wanted to examine the causes and consequences of class among women, with a particular focus on how stratification systems often oppress women. There are two basic types of research methods: descriptive research and experimental research. c. D. at age 3 or 4, when children are dressed in gender-specific clothing, D. at age 3 or 4, when children are dressed in gender-specific clothing, Fraternal twins share _____ of the same genes, while identical twins share _____ of the same genes. theory symbolic interactionism A. e. 13. . D. Why or why not? The research hypothesis is often called the alternative hypothesis. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. ethnomethodology. The Minamata victims were less likely to be tied socially, economically, and physically to the company than were the Niigata victims. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have an 20. 36. Select all that apply. Suppose that a farmer wants to determine what the best growing conditions are for almond trees on his farm. 22. Students do not like to study. c. Question: 2. A plant needs at least five hours of sunlight per day to grow. 8. A "study habits" variable might be defined by the amount of studying that actually occurs as measured by time. ANS: T A patients temperature is taken three times by two different nurses. Is your hypothesis based on your research on a topic? microtheory in an experiment yields data against which other groups are compared. C. Yoel should examine the diet of green anole lizards from islands where no brown anole lizards live. Create a list of possible explanations that you might want to explore. Discuss the risk of the portfolio. Some examples of how to write a hypothesis include: Castillo M. The scientific method: a need for something better?. D. Yoel should compare the diet of green anole lizards from islands where no brown anole lizards live to the diet of green anole lizards from islands where green and brown anole lizards live. e. d. B. Does the type of flour you use make a difference? Grounded theory is the same as deductive theory. c. C. Temperature decreases will affect gas production and fermentation much of the time. It refers to the transparency or relevance of a test as it appears to test participants. For example, a person has skin cancer, you can't prove they got it from being out in the sun. Upon analysis of the results, an alternative hypothesis can be rejected or supported, but it can never be proven to be correct. a. . Select ALL that apply. the 2009 u.s. stimulus was a(n) _____ fiscal policy that _____ aggregate demand. Collect as many observations about a topic or problem as you can. A hypothesis is a theory that attempts to explain or forecast the relationship between two or more variables. -Almond trees grow taller when they are planted in direct sunlight. It is stated at the start of the study. a. It contains at least three of the This notation represents. Tara is conducting a research study to examine the reasons why white collar criminals are given relatively minor sentences, while street criminals are faced with much more severe penalties, even when the financial damage lower. Which one of the following is the best example of a hypothesis? b. You want to test whether there is a relationship between gender and height. c. It states results are due to chance and are not significant in terms of supporting the idea being investigated. By Kendra Cherry d. C. snap like a whip for communication, B. provides stability on slanted surfaces, and provides a "righting mechanism" while falling. A. This is the best answer based on feedback and ratings. Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. Axioms are Select ALL It predicts in which direction the change will take place. e. ANS: F symbolic interactionism ethnomethodology B. The research paradigm that is based upon the notion that nothing has an objective meaning in society, but granted meaning by people agreeing upon things is: (Highlight your answer) a. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. refers to the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given social construct. b. Surely the alternative (or experimental) hypothesis is more important? So a researcher might hypothesize: "People with high-stress levels will be more likely to contract a common cold after being exposed to the virus than people who have low-stress levels. -Miguel's car doesn't start in the morning, so he methodically checks one possible component at a time to try to figure out why his car will not start. Weber, Who was an early theorist concerned with how individuals interacted with one another? Ben & Jerry's vanilla ice cream has more sugar than The paradigm that says that societies developed because the most advanced groups were able to dictate growth and policy is known as a. conflict paradigm. 6. e. comparing one concept to another. Dominica observed that President Bush defeated John Kerry in the 2004 presidential a. a theory. A normative economic statement is a testable hypothesis about cause and effect. The scientific method is a process that is used by everyone in their daily lives, not just by scientists in a research lab. APEX Bio Sem 1, what is a good hypothesis for "Turning milk into plastic", what is a good hypothesis for turning milk into plastic. Kendra Cherry, MS,is the author of the "Everything Psychology Book (2nd Edition)"and has written thousands of articles on diverse psychology topics. c. 2) It is a tentative explanation. For example, a researcher might operationally define the variable "test anxiety"as the results of a self-report measure of anxiety experienced during an exam. deductive The participants knew too much about the experimental design, and it affected the outcome. and "Do you feel more like a parent or a grandparent?" ANS: T philosophy. What falsifiability means is thatifsomething was false, then it is possible to demonstrate that it is false. Based on your knowledge of human physiology, you formulate a hypothesis that men are, on average, taller than women. Kendra holds a Master of Science degree in education from Boise State University with a primary research interest in educational psychology and a Bachelor of Science in psychology from Idaho State University with additional coursework in substance use and case management. yardsticks for assessing a measure's validity include: face validity, criterion-related validity, construct validity, and content validity. 2.Yes, because you can collect data to support or refute it. e. d. (Choose the single best answer.) 3. B. B. Which of the following scenarios describe people using steps of the scientific method? Unless you are creating an exploratory study, your hypothesis should always explain what youexpectto happen. If x=.11,y=.09,x=.17,y=.17,\mu_{x}=.11, \mu_{y}=.09, \sigma_{x}=.17, \sigma_{y}=.17,x=.11,y=.09,x=.17,y=.17, and xy2=.0412,\sigma_{xy}^{2}=.0412,xy2=.0412, find the mean and standard deviation of the portfolio return P=.5x+.5yP=.5x + .5yP=.5x+.5y. Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. c. This is a: For Popper, science should attempt to disprove a theory, rather than attempt to continually support theoretical hypotheses. e. application, the group of apples that does not receive any Requirements for a Testable Hypothesis In order to be considered testable, two criteria must be met: b. Thanks so much! Only testableideas are within the purview of science. 5) It can be proven to be true. For the example below, identify the different elements of the 5. identify your concepts. symbolic interactionism (i.e. While our subjectivity is individual, our search for objectivity is social. construct your concepts. A hypothesis is an educated guess made by the researchers. You can E.g., adults will correctly recall more words than children. conflict Comte believed that science would replace which one of the following by basing knowledge on observations rather than on belief or logic alone? specify the range of phenomena your theory addresses. In practice, scientific inquiry involves an alternation between deduction and induction. positivistic A. comparing identical twins raised in the same environment with identical twins raised in different environments inductive theory Given the choices below, what is the earliest age at which environment could potentially shape the preferences of a child? Deduction is the preferred approach. 29. a. b. agreeableness s. c. openness. The prediction is useful because it explains what observations a. He then goes on to develop some testable relationships between delinquency and gender. Interpret the meaning of the slope, b1b_1b1. observation (gathering data). You have been asked to conduct an experiment with different b. Freda developed a theory and a hypothesis about adjustment to retirement as related to gender. structural functionalism. b. e. A good hypothesis is short (i.e. c. The basil plant has not been watered adequately d. The gnomes have not visited the basil plant recently 3. It should include phrases such as "more than", "less than", "greater than", "different from", or "related to". a. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic organisms? d. grounded theory b. In a ______________ experiment, the researchers--but not the participants--know who receives the treatment and who does not, to eliminate subjective bias. e. C. as many as possible 11. social Darwinism We do not collect or store your personal information, and we do not track your preferences or activity on this site. The scientific method involves the following steps: The hypothesis is a prediction, but it involves more than a guess. May asks grandparents questions like, "How did you come to have custody of your grandchild?" d. However, the researcher must also define how the variable will be manipulated and measured in the study. (B) NASCAR is a popular sport in the Southeastern states. If we reject the null hypothesis, this doesnt really mean that our alternative hypothesis is correct but it does provide support for the alternative / experimental hypothesis. affects the vitamin levels in those apples. What function does marriage serve for society? Paradigms are grounded in sets of assumptions about the nature of reality. It must be possible to prove that the hypothesis is false. d. It is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in a study. If I brush my teeth, I will get fewer cavities than if I don't brush my teeth. 1. C. stronger suction cups with a quick release trigger, B. the first synthetic self-cleaning dry adhesive made of polypropylene, How do both geckos and "sticky-bots" let go of the surface on which they are walking? Which of the following illustrates the use of the inductive method? 13. A) High levels of salt in soil will probably affect plant growth by either making the plants grow better or causing the plants to die. We use the scientific method everyday. science, hope, philosophy vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, (C) Calcium is an essential nutrient for our bones. For an idea to be testable, it must logically generate specific expectations in other words, a set of observationsthat we could expect to make if the idea were true and a set of observations that would be inconsistent with the idea and lead you to believe that it is not true. Maurice has already developed a theory he is interested in, and has moved to defining what independent and dependent variables will be used, and how they will be measure. They make sense of observed patterns to suggest other possibilities. In research, there is a convention that the hypothesis is written in two forms, the null hypothesis, and the alternative hypothesis (called the experimental hypothesis when the method of investigation is an experiment ). allows for the degree of difference between items, but not the ratio between them. See Answer symbolic interactionists This usually involves proposing a possible relationship between two variables: the independent variable (what the researcher changes) and the dependent variable (what the research measures). Examples of a complex hypothesis include: Scientific Method Steps in Psychology Research, Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology, Types of Variables in Psychology Research, Correlation Studies in Psychology Research, How the Experimental Method Works in Psychology, How Social Psychologists Conduct Their Research, How to Write a Methods Section for a Psychology Paper, Internal Validity vs. When a least squares line is fit to the 7 observations in the starting salary data, we obtain SSE =1.438=1.438=1.438. The difference between a theory and a hypothesis is that: A. B. the first synthetic self-cleaning dry adhesive made of polypropylene Which of the following is not true about a hypothesis? The purpose of double-blind experiments is to: C. minimize bias in the results of an experiment. A scientific hypothesis has all of the following features EXCEPT that it is: Which of the following is a scientific hypothesis? , Question: What could have caused the size of the moon jelly population to increase? B. comparing fraternal twins raised in the same environment with identical twins raised in different environments d. d. In an experiment, the one variable that is changed is called the answer choices dependent variable independent variable experimental variable statement. c. Temperature decreases will affect gas production and fermentation much of the time. Takes a long time to formulate but is the closest thing to "fact" or "truth" in science results of research. They help identify the more appropriate ways to view the world. Men are more likely than women to vote to acquit on juries. Which of the following topics would a macrotheorist be more likely to study than a microtheorist? c. Jeremy attended a chamber music concert. ANS: F Draw or describe your meal in the space below: d. critical realism An experimental hypothesis predicts what change(s) will take place in the dependent variable when the independent variable is manipulated. you like to eat. B) The growth rate of an E. coli bacterial colony will increase as temperature increases from 10 C to 50 C. The correct answer would be Garden plants grow better in wet soil than in dry soil. Which of the following alternate hypotheses could explain Yoel's results that on some islands, green anole lizards live higher in the trees and have larger toe pads? -Plant height versus distance from a water source, -Categorical data (independent variable falls into distinct groups) While the hypothesis predicts what the researchers expect to see, the goal of the research is to determine whether this guess is right or wrong. conflict theorists a. The hypothesis you use will depend on what you are investigating and hoping to find. Why is the basil plant wilted? e. that apply. do a literature review. Spencer Which one of the following adapted Darwin's idea of survival of the fittest to societies and believed that society was getting better and better? If we water the wilted basil plant then it will become healthy. A testable hypothesis is a hypothesis that can be proved or disproved as a result of testing, data collection, or experience. Nurse B-90,100,96A) Nurse As results are more precise than those of Nurse B.B)Nurse Bs results are more accurate than those of Nurse A.C) both nurses have precise results D) Nurse bs results are both precise and accurate. Axioms are fundamental assertions, assumed to be true that a theory is based upon.
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