The KLA regrouped and rearmed during the cease-fire and renewed its attacks. It is to note that any intervention by the Serbian military would mean a confrontation with NATO Peacekeepers. RACAK, Serbia (Reuters) - The massacre of 44 Kosovo Albanians by Serb security forces in this village nine years ago is a reminder of why Kosovo deserves independence from Serbia, says . [58] The Kosovo police armed with rifles followed by EULEX entered premises where local Serb politicians were having a meeting and arrested uri, who according to Pacolli is banned from entering as he "encourages hatred". BELGRADE, Serbia -- Tensions between Serbia and Kosovo flared anew during the past week after Serbs erected barricades on the main roads in the north of Kosovo, a former Serbian province. Euronews explores the history of the Balkan states and how they're still embroiled in a debate over sovereignty. An idea has been floated for border changes as the way forward, but this was rejected by many EU countries out of fears that it could cause a chain reaction in other ethnically mixed areas in the Balkans and trigger more trouble in the region. WHAT HAS BEEN DONE TO RESOLVE THE DISPUTE? Any Serbian military intervention in Kosovo would mean a clash with NATO peacekeepers there, and Serbia is unlikely to move in. Kosovo's Police claimed that they were forced to shut Bernjak and Jarinje border crossings after ethnic Serbians in the north shot at authorities and blocked roads while protesting against the new border rules proposed by Kosovo, prompting the UN to urge both sides to avoid escalation. However, both sides have remained unsuccessful in penning down a comprehensive agreement assuring peace. He has cited Kosovo and Serbia many times since the invasion. It declared independence in 2008. Barricades erected by local Serbs in the north of Kosovo remained up on Monday for the third consecutive day, despite calls from the international community to be removed and the situation de-escalated. International officials still hope Kosovo and Serbia can reach a deal that would allow Kosovo to get a seat in the United Nations without Serbia having to explicitly recognize its statehood. The deadlock has kept tensions simmering and prevented the Balkan region's full stabilization following the bloody breakup of former Yugoslavia in the 1990s. "We are not going to stand by and watch the Serbian authorities do in Kosovo what they can no longer get away with doing in Bosnia," US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright reportedly said. On March 24 NATO began air strikes against Serbian military targets. Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic noted that the situation with Kosovo, which witnessed fresh escalation over the weekend, had never been more complex for Serbia and ethnic Serbs and emphasised that Belgrade will win if attacked. Kosovo profile. A look at the history between Serbia and Kosovo, and why the latest tensions are a concern for Europe. [28] Reaching such a deal was a necessary condition of Serbia's EU candidacy. Serbia upholds Kosovoas its own territory and the heart of its statehood and religion. [41], On 9 September 2013, an agreement was reached to allow Kosovo to apply for its own international dialling code. But Belgrade controls Kosovos north, and Kosovo cannot become a member of the U.N. and a functional state without resolving the dispute with Serbia. The conflict between Serbia and Kosovo remained frozen for two decades; however, this time there is a risk of friction escalating into a dangerous conflict. That never occurred, and deep divisions followed within the government. Fourteen years after Kosovo declared independence from Serbia, around 50,000 Serbs living in the north, close to the Kosovo border, still use license plates and papers issued by the Serbian government. In the aftermath of World War II, Kosovo largely enjoyed autonomy as a region within Serbia. Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj and President Hashim Thaci are political opponents: Thaci initially supported an idea to change borders for peace, while Haradinaj strongly opposes it. The dispute over Kosovo is centuries-old. The deadlock over Kosovos independence has kept tensions between both sides simmering which is also preventing full stabilisation of the Balkan region following the deadly conflicts in the 1990s, which also witnessed NATO intervention. You know, Kosovo is Serbia, Kosovo is Serbia, Kosovo is Serbia, few times a day, every day, on every television, radio and newspaper, ever since war criminal Slobodan Miloevi rose to power in 1987. Serbia wants Kosovo for all the reasons that any tribe, gang, kingdom, or state has ever wanted more land -- greed, power, selfishness, and feeling that ones own people are superior to those they are conquering. NATO occupied Kosovo in 1999 following a 78-day war with then Yugoslavia. [94][95] The Government of Kosovo is represented in Serbia by the Liaison Office of Kosovo, Belgrade[96] and likewise the Government of Serbia is represented in Kosovo by the Liaison Office of Serbia, Pristina. Kosovos majority ethnic Albanians, most of whom are Muslim, view Kosovo as their country and accuse Serbia of occupation and repression. There are also smaller Serb-populated enclaves in the south of Kosovo, while tens of thousands of Kosovo Serbs live in central Serbia, where they fled together with the withdrawing Serb troops in 1999. [48], On 26 August 2015, Kosovo and Serbia signed a series of agreements in key areas, in a major step towards normalizing ties. . Tension between Albanians and Serbs continued, and Kosovo declared independence in 2008. They were protesting the arrest of a former Kosovo Serb police officer. Well before Russian tanks and troops rolled into Ukraine in February, Russian President Vladimir Putin cited the breakup of Yugoslavia to justify a possible invasion of a sovereign European country. 2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships, 2022 European Youth Table Tennis Championships, Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, 2008 protests against Kosovo declaration of independence, Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements (2020), U.S. International Development Finance Corporation, Agreement on the path to normalisation between Kosovo and Serbia, EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, 2021 AIBA World Boxing Championships Controversies, 2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships Kosovo's participation, European Youth Table Tennis Championships, "Media advisory - Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue: Next High-level Meeting on Saturday 18 March in Ohrid", "Kosovo and Serbia have agreed on the Implementation Annex of the Agreement on the path to normalisation of relations", "Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue: Statement by High Representative Josep Borrell after High Level Meeting in Ohrid | EEAS Website", "Canada recognizes Kosovo, Serbia pulls ambassador", "PROTEST CONVEYED TO FRANCE, BRITAIN, COSTA RICA, AUSTRALIA, ALBANIA", "Podnesena krivina prijava protiv Taija, Sejdijua i Krasniija", "Serbia charges Kosovo leaders with treason", Divisions over Kosovo cripple Serb government, "Tadi: Lack of agreement on EU toppled government", Serbia proposes dividing Kosovo along ethnic lines, "Serb Ministers Deny Kosovo Partition Talks", "PM: Serbia not choosing between Russia and West", "Serbia Expels Macedonian, Montenegrin Envoys Over Kosovo", "Kosovo independence declaration deemed legal", "After a police protocol, EULEX and Serbian officials will intensify preparations for customs and judiciary cooperation", "Belgrade, Pritina to discuss energy next week", "Dacic: Kosovo Trade Unionist Arrest Is Retaliation", "Serbia: Amnesty International condemns "retaliatory" arrest of Kosovo Albanian trade unionist", "Dacic and Thaci Meet in Brussels, Make History", "Serbia and Kosovo reach EU-brokered landmark accord", "Serbia PM Pledges Kosovo Solution in 2013", "Kosovo, Serbia Presidents Hail Outcome of Talks", "Kosovo, Serbia Liaison Officers to Start Work", "Nikolic: Very close to an agreement with Kosovo", "Unofficial text of proposed Kosovo agreement", "Belgrade, Pritina initial agreement in Brussels", "Kosovo and Serbia Reach Historic Deal in Brussels", "LIGJI NR. Updates? One setback was the murder in January 2018 of Oliver Ivanovi, an ethnic-Serb politician in northern Kosovo. [43] At the same time, the President of Kosovo signed a law that granted amnesty to ethnic Serbs in Kosovo for past acts of resistance to Kosovo law enforcement authorities. Kosovo is a mainly ethnic Albanian territory that was formerly a province in Serbia. BELGRADE, Serbia (AP) Tensions between Serbia and Kosovo flared anew during the past week after Serbs erected barricades on the main roads in the north of Kosovo, a former Serbian province. In addition to this, Kosovo decided to upgrade its security force into an army, which Serbia sees as a potential threat that could trigger a military response from Belgrade. The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) began armed conflict in a campaign against Miloevi. At the end of that year, Kosovo raised customs duties on imports from Serbia to 100% after Belgrade blocked Kosovo's bid to join Interpol. According to an RT report, the region was developed in conditions where the only future roadmap for several states was eventual membership of the EU. Remarkably, a similar rule regardings IDs is applied by Serbia for Kosovars. That's because Serbia first lost the Kosovo region to the Ottoman Turks back in the Middle Ages and only regained the territory in the early 20th century. And now . Omissions? Thousands upon thousands of regular folks became refugees and were dying because of sickness, lack of shelter, etc. After he was gunned down, talks on normalising relations were further postponed. ", "Belgrade, Pristina Strike Telecoms and Energy Deals:: Balkan Insight", "Serbia Pulls Plug on North Kosovo Assemblies:: Balkan Insight", "Kosovo President Approves Controversial Amnesty Law:: Balkan Insight", "Serb to Run Police in North Kosovo:: Balkan Insight", "EULEX Policeman Shot Dead in North Kosovo:: Balkan Insight", "Kosovo Opposition Hand Serbia Talks to Nationalists:: Balkan Insight", "Serbian President Demands Kosovo Referendum:: Balkan Insight", "Kosovo and Serbia sign 'landmark' agreements", "Kosovo Plans to Join UNESCO by November:: Balkan Insight", "Serbia Vows to Stop Kosovo Joining UNESCO:: Balkan Insight", "Thai: I hope that the issue of CSM will be resolved early in 2017", "Serbia-Kosovo train row escalates to military threat", "How a train nearly brought Kosovo and Serbia to the brink of war", "Serbian Nationalist Train Halts at Border With Kosovo", "Kosovo Arrests Serbian Official for Illegal Entry", "Vui: Teroristi hteli da pokau mo i podrku Zapada", "Kosovo Imposes Customs Tariffs on Serbia, Bosnia", "Kosovo Slaps 100 Percent Tariffs on Serbia, Bosnia To 'Defend Vital Interest', "Kosovo Lifts 100 Percent Tariff on Serbia; Belgrade Calls It 'Fake News', "Kosovo announces removal of tariffs on Serbian and Bosnian goods", "Serbia-Kosovo Flights to Resume Under U.S.-Brokered Deal", "Kosovo-Serbia flights to restart after two decades", "Kosovo moves to join Albanian grid. Mitrovica, the main town in the north, has been effectively divided into an ethnic Albanian part and a Serb-held part, and the two sides do not mix. The governments slowly reached agreements and deals on various areas, such as freedom of movement, university diplomas, regional representation and on trade and international customs. [59], On 6 November 2018, Kosovo announced a 10% tax on goods imported from Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. [45] The two governments also reached agreement in principle to allow Kosovo to apply for its own international dialing code once the Serbian government begins EU accession talks. There are also smaller Serb-populated enclaves in southern Kosovo. Serbia agreed to abolish entry and exit documents for Kosovo ID holders whilst Kosovo committed to refrain from implementing such measures for Serbian ID holders. Crime and corruption are rampant in both the ethnic Albanian and Serb-controlled areas. (AP Photo/Visar Kryeziu), Connect with the definitive source for global and local news. They were protesting the arrest of a former Kosovo Serb police officer. 04/L-199 PR RATIFIKIMIN E MARRVESHJES S PAR NDRKOMBTARE T PARIMEVE Q RREGULLOJN NORMALIZIMIN E MARRDHNIEVE MES REPUBLIKS S KOSOVS DHE REPUBLIKS S SERBIS", "Kosovo MPs Defy Protests to Ratify Serbia Deal:: Balkan Insight", "Permanent Kosovo-Serbia Border Crossings Due in 2014:: Balkan Insight", "Serbia and Kosovo: The Path to Normalisation Serbia", "Why do Cyprus, Greece, Romania, Slovakia, Spain not recognise Kosovo? With Serbia not recognising Kosovos independence, the tensions between both sides are now the highest in years. [40] For five member states, the question of Kosovo's independence is not about Kosovo per se: it is a question of local politics. The United Nations General Assembly adopted this proposal on 8 October 2008. KosovoSerbia negotiations encountered difficulties in the wake of the agreement reached in Brussels. Over 100 countries have recognized Kosovos independence, including the United States and most Western countries. Following the peace accord that ended the Kosovo conflict in 1999, Kosovo came under UN administration, and UN peacekeeping forces were deployed there. [64][65] Eurowings, the no-frills subsidiary of German flag-carrier Lufthansa, will fly between Belgrade and Pristina. [6] The Serbian Ministry of the Interior issued an arrest warrant against Hashim Thai, Fatmir Sejdiu and Jakup Krasniqi on 18 February 2008 on charges of high treason. When the Ottomans came to power, they brought the beginning of Islamization of Kosovo. [43] In order to facilitate the integration of the Serb minority in the north into Kosovar society, the Kosovo parliament passed an amnesty law pardoning for past acts of resistance to Kosovo authorities. (AP Photo/Visar Kryeziu), Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. These new rules, which were set to take effect on Monday before the unrest along the border, would have forced the people entering Kosovo with Serbian IDs instead to have a temporary document during their stay in Pristina. The agreement pledged both sides not to block the other in the EU accession process, defined the structure of the police and local elections in all parts of Kosovo, and also established the proposal of the Community of Serb Municipalities. Kosovos government also said that ethnic Serbians who have registration plates issued by Serbia would have to change them for Kosovo within two months. Kosovo and Serbia are expected to become part of the single market, known as Open Balkan. [24], The following day, trade unionist Hasan Abazi was arrested with fellow unionist Adem Urseli by Serbian police manning the Central Serbia/Kosovo crossing near Gjilan. The EU has led talks between the two countries since 2011 which resulted in several technical agreements including the Brussels agreement which aimed to normalise relations and integrate the Serb minority in northern Kosovo. There have been constant international efforts to find common ground between the two former war foes, but no comprehensive agreement has emerged so far. By 1996, a paramilitary group had formed. WHY ARE SERBIA AND KOSOVO AT ODDS? The riots claimed some 30 lives and resulted in the displacement of more than 4,000 Serbs and other minorities. [42] On 19 September, a EULEX officer was killed in the Serb area of Kosovo in a drive by shooting, this murder viewed as an act by opponents of reconciliation. WHY ARE SERBIA AND KOSOVO AT ODDS? Tensions . Atrocities committed by the police, paramilitary groups, and the army caused a wave of refugees to flee the area, and the situation became well publicized through the international media. Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008, Kosovo is formally recognised as an independent state by at least 101 out of 193 (52.3%) UN member states, while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own territory. 24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events. Miloevi, who had become president of Yugoslavia in 1997, agreed to meet most of the demands but failed to implement them. The decades-old Serbia-Kosovo border tensions are on the verge of erupting again as fresh clashes took place in Kosovos north between authorities in Pristina and ethnic Serbians opposing new border rules. Vucic said, The atmosphere has been brought to a boil. [84][85] The EU hopes that the agreement could be signed by the end of 2023 and negotiations regarding the proposed agreement are expected begin in mid-January. A history of tension: Serbia-Kosovo relations explained. Something went wrong. The European Union (EU) has been able to introduce freedom of movement and multiethnic police. However they were never paid, so staged a continued a blockade of the Co-ordination Centre in Graanica. Serbia considers Kosovo part of its territory. Serbia is unlikely to move in but Kosovos north is controlled by Belgrade. Kosovo should have status of autonomous province same as Vojvodina. (AP Photo/Visar Kryeziu), Connect with the definitive source for global and local news. WHY ARE SERBIA AND KOSOVO AT ODDS? [26] Abazi's arrest was protested by Amnesty International[27] and Human Rights Watch as "arbitrary" and "retaliatory". After international pressure, Kosovo Prime Minister Albin Kurti suspended the decree but that did not bring Serbs back to the Kosovo institutions, including the government, hospitals in the north and the police. Serbia upholds Kosovo as its own territory and the heart of its statehood and religion. There are also smaller Serb-populated enclaves in southern Kosovo. In Serbia, powerful populist President Aleksandar Vucic, a former ultranationalist, insists that any solution must be a compromise in order to last. Kosovo and Serbia both have nationalist leaders who were active during the era of the 1998-99 war. 4 Min Read. However, the prospects of the blocs membership varied from relatively close or very distant. [29] There were no Special provisions in the agreement given to Serb communities in North Kosovo as all municipalities have the same rights and status. Serbia cherishes the region as the heart of its statehood and religion. [11], On 24 March 2008, Slobodan Samardi, Minister for Kosovo and Metohija, proposed partitioning Kosovo along ethnic lines, asking the United Nations to ensure that Belgrade can control key institutions and functions in areas where Serbs form a majority[12] but other members of the Government and the President denied these claims. NATO, which maintains peace between both sides with 3,770 troops on the ground in Kosovo, said on Sunday that it was ready to intervene if stability is jeopardised. [49] Kosovo's foreign minister claimed it was a de facto recognition of independence,[49] while Serbia's prime minister said it ensured representation for ethnic-Serbs in Kosovo. Kosovo won independence from Serbia in 2008, almost a decade after a guerrilla uprising against Belgrade's repressive rule. [35] Amongst other measures the deal establishes a special police commander (Commander will be appointed by Pristina from a list submitted by Serbs) and appeal court (Under Pristina laws and procedures) for the Serb minority in Kosovo, but does not amount to a recognition of Kosovo's independence by Belgrade. [citation needed] Serbia has expelled diplomatic representations of all neighboring countries that subsequently recognised Kosovo's independence: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Montenegro, and North Macedonia. Both Serbia and Kosovo mobilized their military forces along the Kosovo-Serbian border. Why does Serbia not want to let Kosovo be an independent country? Crime and corruption are rampant in both the ethnic Albanian and Serb-controlled areas. The negotiations have led to results in some areas, such as freedom of movement without checkpoints and establishing multi-ethnic police forces in Kosovo. In 1989 Ibrahim Rugova, leader of the ethnic Albanians in the Serbian province of Kosovo, initiated a policy of nonviolent protest against the abrogation of the provinces constitutional autonomy by Slobodan Miloevi, then president of the Serbian republic. While Serbia is pursuing European Union (EU) membership, unlike other Western Balkan partners, it does not aspire to join the Alliance. There are constant tensions between the Kosovo government and the Serbs who live mainly in the north of the country and keep close ties with Belgrade. [29] Answer (1 of 11): Decades of systematic propaganda made it impossible to give it up. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Kosovo-conflict, Federation of American Scientists - Kosovo: Historical Background to the Current Conflict, The Brookings Institution - The Consequences of Kosovo, North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO's Role in Relation to the Conflict in Kosovo, Kosovo calls for justice for 1,621 missing persons from war, 'Nobody is above the law:' Kosovo ex-president's trial opens. If someone wants to compete in arrests, we have the answer". For example, he has rejected the idea of a territory swap between Serbia and Kosovo, an idea his political predecessors were willing to consider to reach a negotiated settlement with Serbia. Kosovo is a full member of several international sporting organizations; this has caused conflict and tension when events are hosted in Serbia when Kosovo is to officially compete as its own country. However, the latter broke down when Serbs pulled out of the force a few months ago to protest Pristinas decision to ban Serbian-issued vehicle license plates and demand their replacement with Kosovo-issued ones. Putin claimed NATOs bombardment of Serbia in 1999 and the Wests acceptance of Kosovo as a country created an illegal precedent that shattered international law and order. In recent weeks, Kosovo's leaders have reiterated their commitment to protecting cultural and religious heritage, which they see as belonging to all citizens. "[34] Serbia can block Kosovo in international organizations, but it cannot stand in the way of Kosovo's European integration process. Russia's invasion of Ukraine added a new dimension to the standoff. Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008, a move which Serbia rejects. Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? [100][101][102], World Athletics, Kosovo, and Serbia reached a compromise where athletes from Kosovo would be allowed to compete at the 2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships in Belgrade, Serbia but a blank space would be displayed instead of Kosovo's flag on all official materials (including websites and stadium screens). Serbia raised its combat readiness and warned it would not stand by if Serbs in Kosovo are attacked. The NATO bombing campaign lasted 11 weeks and eventually expanded to Belgrade, where significant damage to the Serbian infrastructure occurred. Plus, the Nitty-Gritty of EU Enlargement", "Teksti i propozimit "evropian" pr "marrveshjen baz mes Kosovs dhe Serbis" - KOHA.net", "Ambasador SAD u Srbiji najavio aktivnosti ka politikom reenju za Kosovo", "U januaru u Beogradu meunarodni predstavnici zbog sporazuma sa Kosovom", "Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue: Statement by High Representative Josep Borrell | EEAS Website", "Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue: Press remarks by High Representative Josep Borrell after High-Level Meeting with President Vui and Prime Minister Kurti | EEAS Website", "Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue: EU Proposal - Agreement on the path to normalisation between Kosovo and Serbia | EEAS Website", "Serbia to alter foreign policy after EU Kosovo decision: Vucic", "Serbia and Kosovo Begin Direct Liaisons", "Beograd - Ambasadat e Republiks s Kosovs", "Belgrade's liaison officer sent a request to Pristina to visit Dejan Pantic - Kosovo Online", "Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue: Implementation Annex to the Agreement on the Path to Normalisation of Relations between Kosovo and Serbia | EEAS Website", "Kosovo boxing team denied entry to Serbia for third time", "Michael Houston: Serbia shutout shows where politics should stay out of sport", "Serbia Bars Kosovo Team from Competing in Boxing Championship", "Kosovo flag absent from World Athletics website at Indoor Championships in Serbia", "Kosovs i shkelet e drejta pr pjesmarrje n Kampionatin Evropian t t rinjve 2022", "Serbia Bans Kosovo's Participation in Table Tennis Championship", "Ping-Pong Championship in Serbia, Kosovo sportsmen discriminated against", "News Society Kosovo Serb prison workers continue protest", "Serbia's Presevo Albanians Ask Pristina for Support", Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements, Advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence, European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo, United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, Membership of Kosovo in international organizations, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KosovoSerbia_relations&oldid=1152116471, Articles with dead external links from November 2012, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 April 2023, at 09:04. [47] More difficulties arose in December 2014, as President of Serbia Tomislav Nikolic went against the position of the government by stating that any decision on Kosovo must be submitted to a referendum. Kosovo on Saturday postponed a local election due Dec. 18 in four municipalities with a predominantly ethnic Serb population, in an effort to defuse recent tensions there that have also caused relations with neighboring Serbia to deteriorate further. Rather than allow Kosovo to be repopulated by Serbs, Tito instead allowed the Albanisation of the province, putting on a serious charm offensive with a plan to eventually occupy Albania in mind. Kosovo viewed the train as a provocation. Vucic has acknowledged Serbia's loss of control over Kosovo and said he has come to terms with that, but also says the country wont settle unless it gains something. [13] On 25 March 2008, the outgoing Prime Minister, Vojislav Kotunica stated that membership in the EU should be "left aside," until Brussels stated whether it recognised Serbia within its existing borders. Barricades erected by local Serbs in the north of Kosovo remained up on Monday for the third consecutive day, despite calls from the international community to be removed and the situation de-escalated. Both parties agreed to a proposed normalisation agreement in EU mediated dialogue in February 2023 and through further negotiations accepted a roadmap and timescale for its implementation the following month. [22] Belgrade and Pristina are urged to continue talks in Brussels, but Serbia is not obliged to recognize Kosovo at any point in the process. Serbian President Aleksander Vui stated that the ID card issue was a tiny problem, but the licence plate one was much more complicated. IS THERE A LINK TO RUSSIA AND THE WAR IN UKRAINE? They consider Kosovo as their own country while accusing Serbia of occupation and repression. Kosovo is a mainly ethnic Albanian territory that declared independence from Serbia in 2008. Then a turning point: Serbian special police killed 45 ethnic Albanians in the so-called "Raak Massacre" in 1999. [17] In July 2010, the ICJ issued its opinion which found that Kosovo's declaration of independence "did not violate international law".
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why does serbia want kosovo 2023