The tacit approval by the government of discriminatory policies toward Rohingyaand the widespread impunity for most perpetrators of violence, including the authoritiesremain a key concern in Myanmars transformation from a military dictatorship into a democracy. Due to decades of heavy censorship, Myanmar continues to have a hyperactive rumor mill in which information from fellow community membersbe it online of face-to-faceis given preferential treatment to news originating from official media outlets. What roles have state, sub-state and transnational actors played in fomenting sectarian discord? WebInflation Rate in Myanmar increased to 19.55 percent in July from 19.42 percent in June of 2022. But this gap has narrowed. 0000009258 00000 n Clicking Update will rewrite the URL in the address bar allowing you to bookmark this page. The Inquiry Commission into sectarian violence in Rakhine State released in 2013 found that Rohingya living in rural areas could not speak any indigenous languages of Myanmar well . Christianity is the second largestreligion in Myanmar, making up around 8% of the population. 5 (1799), 237, http://www.networkmyanmar.com/images/stories/PDF12/rohingya-origins-1-r. We welcome. Changing the pivot column will reset the column selection and sort order. While the majority of Myanmars Muslim population reside in Rakhine State, in the rest of the country many Muslims are present and are accepted into their communities. Denise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (New York: Routledge, 2008), pp. 91 0 obj <> endobj The vast majority of people, 89%, profess Buddhism. 0000026145 00000 n WebThe United Nations Statistics Division collects, compiles and disseminates official demographic and social statistics on a wide range of topics. Data is not as precise as it appears. 0000004282 00000 n Thus, the most populous regions are the Irrawaddy delta and the dry zone, and the highest densities are found in the upper delta, between Yangon and Hinthada (Henzada). This case study was created by Kristofer Rhude, MDiv 18, under the editorial direction of Dr. Diane L. Moore, faculty director of Religion and Public Life. Rangoon/Yangon is the largest city and the capital of the area. By first shedding light on the historical origins of the conflict, this piece outlines the key triggers and social and political contexts in which inter-religious violence involving the Rohingya has occurred. Growth rates have declined for all of Indias major religious groups, but the slowdown has been more pronounced among religious minorities, who outpaced Hindus in earlier decades. Web52 (34.9%) Progress Level Total Population 54,101,000 Population in Unreached 45,121,000 (83.4%) Largest Religion Buddhism ( 78.0% ) % Christian Adherent 8.16% % Evangelical 4.86% Evangelical Annual Growth Rate 2.5% (Global Rate = 2.6%) + Leaflet | Powered by Esri | USGS, NOAA People Groups States Progress Religions Languages Photos Burmah, as it was spelled in the 19th Century, is a local corruption of the word Myanmar", according to the same report above. [18] Policies of Persecution Ending Abusive State Policies Against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, Fortify Rights (25 February 2014), http://www.fortifyrights.org/downloads/Policies_of_Persecution_Feb_25_F. In 1989, an unelected military regime changed the name of Burma to Myanmar. Approximately 2% of Burmese people are Hindu. Strategic Technologies and Cyber Security, Oman Library at the Middle East Institute, Earth Day: Environmental Opportunities and Challenges in the Middle East, Womens Reproductive Rights and Abortion in Morocco: Regulatory Reforms Should Not Miss the Bigger Picture, http://www.networkmyanmar.com/images/stories/PDF12/rohingya-origins-1-r, http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21582321-fuelled-dangerous-brew-fait, http://www.networkmyanmar.org/images/stories/PDF15/Leider-Note.pdf, http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4f71b, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/world/asia/rise-in-bigotry-fuels-mass, http://www.theforeignreport.com/2013/07/01/burma-buddhism-and-the-rise-, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/SEA-01-180314.html, http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21565638-why-buddhists-and-muslims-r, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-01/an-myanmar-considers-law-restricting-interfaith-marriage/5292534, http://www.fortifyrights.org/downloads/Policies_of_Persecution_Feb_25_F, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs15/Rakhine_Commission_Report-en-red.pdf, http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/Perspective/RSIS2212013.pdf, http://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10220/8784/RSIS1312012.pdf?sequen, http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/burma0413webwcover_0.pdf, http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/abuse-against-myanmar-s-r, Indonesia and the Middle East: Exploring Connections, Islam, Migrants and Multiculturalism: A Glance at Germany, Korea and Beyond, Sectarian Violence Involving Rohingya in Myanmar: Historical Roots and Modern Triggers. Web Christians in Myanmar are estimated to make up around 82 of the population roughly 55 Protestant 13 Roman Catholic and the remainder members of independent. The violence has been coordinated and serious, and the UN Human Rights Office has stated that Myanmar is likely guilty of crimes against humanity or even ethnic cleansing.. While many monks in Myanmar seem to support and even advocate for violence against their Muslim neighbors, there are others who are constantly working to end the violence. Web Myanmar Inflation Rate - values historical data and charts - was last updated on April of 2023. Nearly 90 of the country is Buddhist and most are members of the majority. [$- In this video, we will explore the various aspects of Myanmar's religion, including its history, beliefs, practices, and the role of religion in Burmese society.We will take a closer look at the different religious practices that exist in Myanmar, including Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. 1 (January/ February 2014), 28. [1] Francis Buchanan, A Comparative Vocabulary of Some of the Languages Spoken in the Burma Empire, Asiatic Researchers, Vol. H#6^l? 9?(5S&G qa{uCiV;T(!DU4\d,mq9Hq!i Z+s)[/tnd\g:k[qPr HkxjQ!Orw],V +J1+WY#4OtF&:. The second narrative espoused in the growing Burman-Buddhist nationalist movement is that the Rohingya started it. That is, Rohingya throughout history have rarely followed Burmese national interests, instead several times having threatened Myanmars newfound sovereignty. Web Religion in Myanmar is spread across Buddhist with 879 Christian 62 Muslim 43 Animist 08 Hindu 05 other 02 and none at 01 of the population. 0000010535 00000 n Al Jazeera English video on the exclusion of Muslims from Myanmars government (2015): CNN article and video on recent bouts of violence (2017): PBS NewsHour video on Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh (2017): BBC video on the alleged crimes against humanity in Myanmar (2017): Vox video on the history of violence against Rohingya (2017): The Guardian video interviewing Buddhist monks who disagree about the causes and solution to the violence (2017): BBC interviews with anti-Muslim Buddhist monks (2017): BBC video on the arrest of Reuters journalists reporting on the violence (2018): In what ways can Buddhism said to be internally diverse in light of the conflict in Myanmar? Some are the perpetrators of violence, some are working to end violence and promote peace, many more are bystanders, who may build up cultural violence, cultural peace, or even both. Web The difference is that Myanmar or Burma as it was known 0000008546 00000 n This violence has often been supported by factions within the Buddhist monastic community in Myanmar. 0000003187 00000 n Labor force in Myanmar 2010-2018. H\n0. Web Myanmar Population LIVE retrieving data. Now, the last partial census was conducted in 1983, and until 2014, the last officially recorded nationwide census hadn't occurred since 1931. Why Bengal S Murshidabad And Malda Are India S Most Dangerous Districts Today India News Firstpost, Luzon S First Dot Tourist Rest Area To Rise In Baguio City Be Part Of The Fun Welcome To The Dot Corporate Site, Designed with by Way2themes | Distributed by Blogger Themes. This Christian presence dates back to the time whenEuropean and American missionariescame to settle and evangelize Myanmar. This pivotal event subsequently saw the beginnings of Burman-Buddhist ethno-nationalism and the start of nationwide anti-Indian sentiment, which later evolved into anti-Muslim attitudes. xb```f``9 @16)LV20U`&x(<>UY&Qs6.Aau^kC: CB,E(32`[kP9#Lv 384:0ac,f8` .lez "l]2gr0i-Zp, Sometimes known as Burma, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar - which is often shortened to Myanmar, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia. dPblafLfC9. 0000026659 00000 n Burmese Hindus are a mix of Bengalis, Tamils, Telegus, and Uttar Pradeshis who arrived in Burma under British colonialism. %%EOF If you have information about these groups, please contact us. The Middle East Institute (MEI) is an independent, non-partisan, non-for-profit, educational organization. Each point represents a people group in a country. Prayer cards are formatted eight to a page. Located in the south of the country the region is. Literacy is only at 75.6% of the population over the age of 15 years. [QJshweeM[UH~{( Qxs8+(63+ q 0000015224 00000 n The median age in Myanmar/Burma is 28.2 years of age, with a total life expectancy of approximately 68.2 years. Ethnic minorities in the country prefer to be called ethnic nationalities to fight against the proliferation of the dominant Bamar people. Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion among the majority Bamar ethnic group and among Christians make up just 6 percent of the - Few evangelicals, but many who identify as Christians. WebMyanmar Myanmar - Overview Population. 0000001544 00000 n WebQuintana visited Myanmar in March 2010 and called for the establishment of a U.N. Commission of Inquiry to investigate Myanmars violations of international humanitarian and human rights law and to recommend appropriate redress.32 Quintana reiterated this appeal a year later in March 2011 and then again that summer, but to no avail.33 [24] Human Rights Watch, All You Can Do is Pray: Crimes Against Humanity and Ethnic Cleansing of Rohingya Muslims in Burmas Arakan State (2013), http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/burma0413webwcover_0.pdf. [10] 969 website, https://969movement.org. 813-821. Cq B[=c+aS%}m)dwC 8Bc uUdwqji3px7F8|]#nI'4 xdMvB;^!'akBK}qN! 0000012575 00000 n The fertility rate in Myanmar is 2.13 births per woman, which is high enough for population replacement (2.1 births per woman); however, it has been declining over the past several years, contributing to the slowing population growth rate. Subscribe and receive our travel ideas and tips twice a month, Shanti Travel14 rue de Tolbiac75013 Paris. During the riots in Meiktila in March 2013, Burmese police did little, if anything, to contain the situation. 0000005648 00000 n Approximately 2% of Burmese people are Hindu. Population, by age group, per cent . How does the situation in Myanmar make simplistic statements like these problematic? MEI welcomes financial donations, but retains sole editorial control over its work and its publications reflect only the authors views. Ashin Wirathu, a senior abbot in the Masoeyein Mandalay Buddhist monastery, is the face of the 969 economic-nationalist campaign, which encourages Buddhists to boycott Muslim-owned businesses. [8] Michael Tanchum, The Buddhist-Muslim Violence in Myanmar: A Threat to Southeast Asia, The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, BESA Center Perspectives Paper, No. With about four percent in Myanmars. 1. It is a doctrine, a philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha contained in the Four Noble Truths: 1) The truth of suffering; 2) the cause of suffering; 3) the cessation of suffering and; 4) the path that leads to the cessation of suffering. [26] Moreover, authorities do not sanction the police for their wrongdoings. Today, these people live in refugee camps in their own country. It's believed there are at least 300,000 refugees from Burma located along the Thai-Burma border, with many camps established in the 1980's. However, religions are powerful forces. WebReligion in Myanmar The overwhelming majority of Myanmars population practices Theravada Buddhismaround 88 percent. The prince of a small kingdom in India, he lived in opulence thanks to his familys wealth without having the slightest contact with anything outside the palace, neither with poverty, nor with misery, nor death. There are people over age 18 in Myanmar. Joshua Project may be able to provide more information than what is published on this site. 221/2013 (December 3, 2013), http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/Perspective/RSIS2212013.pdf. Accusations. We will also examine the unique blend of animism and spirit worship that is deeply rooted in Burmese culture. Althoughreligion in Myanmarcan be tense at times due to the friction between the different religious groups, in reality, it is a very peaceful country. [16] Reform Fails to Help Myanmars Rohingya, IISS Strategic Comments, Vol. To date, Buddhist mobs have killed more than 200 Muslims, the majority of whom are Rohingya, and caused the displacement of more than 140,000.[9]. Myanmar has a population of approximately 55.4 million in 2023. This is especially the case for the Muslim Rohingya ethnic group who have been living for generations on the northwestern facade of Myanmar in Rakhine State. Islam (4%), Hinduism (1%), Christianity (7%) and animism (1%) are also practiced in the Hinduism is practised by about 890,000 people in Myanmar, [2] [3] and has been influenced by elements of Buddhism, with many Hindu temples in Myanmar housing statues of the Buddha. In this census two types of questionnaires were used, a short form and a long form. Values for %Christian Adherent and %Evangelical (which determine unreached status) are often informed estimates, some more accurate than others. Some monasteries have organized humanitarian aid for Muslims who have been displaced by the violence. strict military rule, new found freedom of speech permits Buddhist monks, such as U [Ashin] Wirathu, to spread ideas of religious intolerance and fan the flames of Islamaphobia.[22] Indeed, while the 969 movement has been denied the official status of a religious organization, Buddhist monks are able to freely travel the country preaching the protection of their religion and race without government intervention. [3] The British also welcomed wealthy money lenders (chettyars) from South India to help administer colonial Burma. While the tangled roots of the Rohingya have played a critical role in the recent inter-religious violence between Rohingya and Buddhists, so too has the rise of Burman-Buddhist ethno-nationalism. hbbd``b`:$C3`\@ !$+ n r6#+#E endstream endobj 40 0 obj <> endobj 41 0 obj <>stream There are two salient narratives driving anti-Rohingya/anti-Muslim sentiments. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. All rights reserved. Population aged 65+ Sexual and Reproductive Health . WebMyanmar is the most religious Buddhist country with regard to the percentage of the population living as monks and the amount of money spent on religion. Please. The analysis draws on the Centers wider body of research on global restrictions related to religion. The 969 Movement, a complex Buddhist nationalist movement, has promoted a Buy Buddhist campaign, encouraging citizens to buy goods only from other Buddhists, to target the economic well-being of religious minoritiesespecially Muslims. Detailed maps are often found on specific people profiles. 0000005198 00000 n Due to historical ties between Hinduism and Buddhism, Hindus have faced far less discrimination than Muslim Indians such as the Rohingya. Data have been collected since 1948 through a set of questionnaires dispatched annually to over 230 national statistical offices and have been published in the. In 2018, the labor force in Myanmar amounted to approximately 22.74 million people. The country experienced a spike in population in the 1960s, and since then the nation continues to grow, but at a slower pace. WebCrime Statistics. The official language used is Burmese, with some ethnic groups using their own languages. One monk, U Withuta, housed over 800 Muslims in his monastery during anti-Muslim riots, telling the mob that approached that they would have to kill him to reach those he protected inside. Over the last decade, hundreds of Muslims have been murdered, mosques have been destroyed, and hundreds of thousands have been forced to flee their homes. Myanmar has maintained steady growth over the past century despite its battles both in ending British rule and with the ongoing civil wars. However, while new census results are to be released in 2014, estimates indicate that roughly 89 percent of Myanmars population is Buddhist, and only 4 percent is Muslim. Are religious doctrinal differences primarily responsible for stoking intercommunal fear and hatred? When referring to the World Happiness Report, we see a ranking of 130, with an overall rating of 4.3 out of 10. [15], As a consequence of this fear, discriminatory policies toward the Rohingya have been imposed. - Few evangelicals, but significant number who identify as Christians. Prolonged periods of repression were accompanied by cycles of Rohingya migration from Rakhine State to bordering Bangladesh. The birth rate in Myanmar, which has been declining as well, is 17.339 births per woman. Most Bamar, Shan, Mon, Rakhine, Karen, and many ethnic groups of Myanmar follow 0000020137 00000 n Little, if any, history of Christianity. Population aged 0-14 . Data have been collected khdJV|!3/f:V_nzZmP]/T7cPOOu^pL7zyZ7MmV4fQ* The rate of growth today is just under 1%, but that will likely decrease to near 0 by 2050. 0000010980 00000 n The narrative of demographic besiegement is also fuelled by the fact that many Rohingya fail to assimilate to Burmese local customs and way of life. GQ}^. One of the most important aspects of the Burmese way of life is religion. 1763 N St. NW, Washington D.C. 20036. This is done to avoid confusion regarding the current reality of a people group, to fix grammar and spelling and to avoid potentially offensive wording. H\0>E? B-x`u Anti-Indian and anti-Muslim attitudes were compounded during both the Japanese occupation of Burma (19421945)when Muslims in British Burma, going against the leanings of the Burmese Independence Movement, sided with the colonial British[5]and the subsequent Rohingya Mujahideen Rebellion (19481961), in which the Rohingya waged an unsuccessful secessionist campaign to create a separate Islamic State that would eventually join East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).[6]. There is no doubt that during yourtrip to Myanmaryou will see plenty of Buddhist pagodas, a reminder of the importance ofreligion in Myanmar. Burma Religions - Demographics Burma Religions Factbook > Countries > Burma > Demographics Religions: Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2014 est.) It is common to hear people say that certain religions are religions of violence or religions of peace. What might you say to someone who made such a claim? 19, Issue 10 (2013), 1. endstream endobj startxref [nor] could [they] write or read the official Bamar language used in government communications.[19] Indeed, the majority of Rohingya speak a dialect similar to Bengali, and many can read and write in Urdu. H\j0~ On-the-ground reality may vary from what is presented here. Share of children in total population in Myanmar from 2013 to 2022. The quality of life can be examined in numerous manners, including exploring healthcare, access to improved sanitation and drinking water, as well as the World Happiness Report. Ethnic minoritiessuch as the Chin, Kachin, Karin, and This led to the expulsion of close to 300,000 Burmese Indians. A displayed zero can mean true zero, a very small rounded number or sometimes unknown. Interestingly enough, "The two words mean the same thing and one is derived from the other. Again in 1971, a group of Rohingya pushed to join Bangladesh during its fight for independence from East Pakistan. A few Buddhist monastics have even taken prominent roles in quelling the violence, trying to calm crowds on the ground during riots, or even sheltering their Muslim neighbors. And what could be done to avert sectarian violence, to foster tolerance and peaceful coexistence, and to promote reconciliation? [26] Abuse Against Myanmars Rohingya Erodes Recent Progress, Amnesty International, (19 July 2012), http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/abuse-against-myanmar-s-r. The 2014 census noted that 88% were Buddhist, 6% were Christian, 4.3% were Muslim, 1% were Animist and 0.5% were Hindu. Web Religion in Myanmar Burma 1900 - 2100 Religious Population Growth Data Player Data Player 508K subscribers 39K views 1 year ago Statistics of major religion in. Human Rights Watch found that rather than protecting civilians at risk, Burmese police either stood by or actively engaged in and contributed to the unfolding violence. Identify an example of structural violence in the case study. Among his alleged crimes. trailer The vast RELIGION AND PUBLIC LIFE, Harvard Divinity School14 DivinityAvenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. my.hds |Harvard Divinity School |Harvard University |Privacy | Accessibility | Digital Accessibility | Trademark Notice | Reporting Copyright InfringementCopyright 2023 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2014 est.) endstream endobj 92 0 obj <> endobj 93 0 obj <> endobj 94 0 obj <>stream Today, a segment of Burman Buddhist monks represented by Ashin Wirathu is re-igniting sentiments of intolerance and flaming lingering resentment toward Rohingya, preaching hateful rhetoric and sowing fear in the local Buddhist population in an attempt to change the ethnic demographics of Rakhine State. Code columns are usually hidden by default. Populations are scaled to the current year. Homicide rate; Number of homicides; Number of homicides by firearm; Homicides by firearm rate; Assault rate; Kidnapping rate; Robbery rate; Rape rate; Burglary rate; Private car theft rate; See more; Poverty. This glossary lists terms that are used in various places in the religion and country profiles. WebHinduism is practised by 1.7% of the population of Myanmar. Myanmars population is growing at a rate of about 0.67% per year. According to current projections, Myanmars population will see its highest number in 2054 with 62.32 million people. There also exists draft legislation that, if passed, would limit interfaith marriages in an attempt to prevent Buddhist women from converting to Islam. Web The vast majority of the citizens of Myanmar a nation in southeast Asia are Theravada Buddhists. It was during an outing to the outside world that he witnessed illness and poverty for the first time. Nearly 90% of the country is Buddhist, and most are members of the majority ethnic community known as Burmans. Buddhist sermons regularly include Islamophobic messages such as unsubstantiated rumors of Muslim violence against Buddhists or Muslim plots to take over the country and destroy Buddhism. Stores are marked with the 969 symbol to verify the owner is Buddhist. Web As of 2019 the Yangon region was the most populous region in Myanmar with a population of over eight million. Try our business solution for free. He later said to a reporter: I was only doing it in accordance with Buddhas teachings. [15] Jane Perlez, Rise in Bigotry Fuels Massacre Inside Myanmar, International New York Times (March 1, 2014). Rising Buddhist-Burman ethno-nationalism, fanned by the 969 movement led by Buddhist monks, has resulted in the rapid dissemination of hate speech and reignited lingering resentment between communities. Others claim that their statements against Muslims never explicitly call for violenceeven if it causes itand thus any violence that occurs is not their responsibility. 117 0 obj <>stream They can inspire horrific violence. MYANMAR RELIGIONS THE OVERVIEW OF MYANMAR RELIGION The main religions of the country are Buddhism (89.2%), Christianity (5.0%), Islam (3.8%), endstream endobj 95 0 obj <>stream There are at least 108 ethnolinguistic groups in Myanmar. Eliane Coates, Buddhist Monks in Myanmar: Driving Religious Intolerance and Hindering Reform, RSIS Commentaries No. RELIGION AND PUBLIC LIFE, Harvard Divinity School14 DivinityAvenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. my.hds |Harvard Divinity School |Harvard University |Privacy | Accessibility | Digital Accessibility | Trademark Notice | Reporting Copyright InfringementCopyright 2023 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Thus, despite clear evidence that Islamophobic monastic rhetoric has increased violence, by denying that violence was their intention, many of these monks claim their karmic conscience is clear. How does gender play a role in the conflict in Myanmar. Points represent the approximate center of a larger area. On the official 969 website, Ashin Wirathu calls for Buddhists to prominently display 969 stickers, posters, flags and other items at their home and businesses prompting further religious divisions within Burmese society. Web Nearly 88 of Myanmars population identify themselves as Buddhist with other religious denominations such as Christians Muslims and Hindus making up the. s\A0W+ Pin Pa Patrimonios They believe in a Theravadan Buddhist doctrine that states that only their intention affects their karma. [2] After the first of three Anglo-Burmese wars ended in 1826, Rakhine State was brought under British colonial administration, which had an open immigration policy that allowed an influx of Bengali Muslims into the newly colonized territory. [10] The 969 movement has gained many followers by labeling itself as a protector of Buddhism from aliens or non-native persons. Sr4cY\d_}AAA|} N &{=s&13333Ogah>7nZ4iqM> | NQwgO4wk\> >t'EYz v Today, Myanmar is the center of one of the largest refugee crises in the world. This article provides an analysis of the recent sectarian violence involving the minority Rohingya Muslim group in Myanmar (Burma) since June 2012. Sign up to receive the latest publications, event invitations, and our weekly newsletter delivered to your inbox. The Bamar account for around 68% of the population, followed by the Shan (10%), Kayin (7%), Rakhine (4%) and overseas Chinese (3%). Myanmar, also known as Burma, is a country rich in history, culture, and traditions. (6%CbmYIw<>g0Y@8 e8%A@%`aZ+#t 1$BITDDB%:dQD|_uj2ANWTX$0dCcsrWWTT?8|FpC8Mm7!3t=4Zm6]'^eo:_=@iq"y6PaLq"DsgMnW |1,W&F"q34Eu1UMln2k4rQ-rErX6?\=e5eYk"G`mQyjfB1bR3"AzCW mA/Dafe R^26osQF%87q+{"ke??<7W92'PiA?0NExZ.b`V.E_CqD|mf0$SK|$9jv}|8v}x+w$\c(d; Wd"T:2snU(8 ;'GG'gxr`Q}pfOzkd Uz{6\VzdtmDG._5hE3.gpD#YfWA}0y@o2#MRw))cDcD((ET-nY#d5=`GQUgp>KS/)"gm/u%qA..ybr}}1eF?G=rBVyXz3Jw{03)-%/|kr[GEbs[|)2 Q
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